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Fort Chécagou
Fort Chécagou, or Fort Chicago, was a seventeenth-century temporary fort that may have been located in northeastern Illinois. This fort was likely occupied for less than a year, around the winter of 1685. The name has become associated with a myth that the French continuously maintained a military garrison at a fort near the mouth of the Chicago River, and the future site of the city of Chicago. Some sources mention that the fort was built in 1685, and that Henri de Tonti sent his aide, Pierre-Charles de Liette, as commander of the fort through 1702. Although this fort was marked on a number of eighteenth century maps of the area, there is no evidence that it ever existed at the described location, but may have instead actually been located at the mouth of the St. Joseph River (in modern day Michigan).
== History ==
Before the arrival of the French missionaries, the swampy area was inhabited by small settlements of Native Americans on the southern coast of Lake Michigan. Their community was made up of Algonquian people of the Mascoutens and Miamis tribes, which hunted the area. The French missionaries were the first Europeans to come into this region. The settlements of Algonquian people in the area were used as trading posts on the trade routes by the French fur traders and trappers. The word ''Chécagou'' was probably coined from the French word ''shikaakwa'', which means "wild leek" or "skunk weed".
The Mission of the Guardian Angel was built in 1683 by the French missionaries to convert the local Amerindians. In 1685, the French built Fort Chécagou. In 1692, Henri de Tonti sent his aide Pierre-Charles de Liette to act as commander of the fort until 1702. The fort was abandoned by the French in the 1720s during the Fox Wars. It was a custom to burn down the forts by the Amerindians after their triumph, unlike Europeans who would take over the fort and often rename it. It was also a custom to incorporate other Amerindian people into a tribe after their defeat rather than killing them.〔
In the early 1700s, the Potawatomis took over this region from the Mascoutens and the Miamis. The first foreigner who settled in the area, was Jean Baptiste Point du Sable, who was a Haitian of African and French ancestry. In the 1770s, he settled on the banks of the Chicago River, and married a Potawatomi woman.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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